The following reflects new findings and outcomes in medical research as presented at major medical meetings and published peer-reviewed medical journals. In this section members can view reports from important congresses as well as summaries of some recently published journal articles. Please let us know if you have a particular area of interest you would like to see covered.

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VACCINE

July-September 2010

Quadrivalent HPV vaccine: strong, sustained protection against low-grade lesions
Dillner J and the FUTURE I/II Study Group. Four-year efficacy of prophylactic human papillomavirus quadrivalent vaccine against low-grade cervical, vulvar, and vaginal intraepithelial neoplasia and anogenital warts: randomised controlled trial. BMJ 2010;341:c3493.
According to a longer-term follow-up of two pivotal trials, the quadrivalent human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine provides strong and sustained (...) Read more...

PRIORITY PRESS - 26th International Papillomavirus Conference

Reducing the Burden of HPV-related Disease in Men and Women

Montreal, Quebec / July 3-8, 2010

Montreal - Genital warts are the earliest manifestation of human papillomavirus (HPV) infection. A rapid decline in their incidence with widespread uptake of the quadrivalent vaccine in Australia is the first concrete proof of its efficacy. Trial data discussed here this week during the scientific sessions continue to confirm exceptional efficacy rates in women and men. This was demonstrated against not only genital warts but also other manifestations of HPV infection, including low- and (...) Read more...

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VACCINE

April-June 2010

NACI recommendations for herpes zoster vaccination
Canada Communicable Disease Report (CCDR). Online publication January 2010;36(ACS-1):1-19.
The National Advisory Committee on Immunization (NACI) has now recommended the herpes zoster (HZ) vaccine for the prevention of HZ and its complications in individuals >60 years of age, citing good evidence for its efficacy and safety from the pivotal Shingles Prevention Study (SPS).
Highlights of other recommendations include:
• There is no (...) Read more...

PRIORITY PRESS - 28th Annual Meeting of the European Society of Pediatric Infectious Diseases (ESPID)

Countering Increased Vulnerability to Meningococcal Disease

Nice, France / May 4-8, 2010

Nice - The incidence of invasive meningococcal disease has dropped dramatically in Canada and most Western countries as a result of mass immunization campaigns in the 1990s. However, declining immunological protection is occurring as children age and the potential for disease transmission increases as protective antibody levels decline. Meningococcal disease caused by historically unimportant serogroups is also becoming more prevalent. To counteract waning antibody levels against (...) Read more...

PRIORITY PRESS - 28th Annual Meeting of the European Society of Pediatric Infectious Diseases (ESPID)

Broadening Protection Against Pneumococcal Disease with Multivalent Vaccines

Nice, France / May 4-8, 2010

Nice - Streptococcus pneumoniae remains the leading cause of vaccine-preventable death worldwide, with an annual mortality of up to 1 million in young children and up to 1.6 million including the elderly. Children under 5 years of age are at greatest risk for contracting invasive pneumococcal disease and infection, which is accompanied by high morbidity, cost and familial distress. Mass immunization campaigns against pneumococcal disease using the 7-valent pneumococcal vaccine (PCV7) have (...) Read more...

PRIORITY PRESS - 20th European Congress of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases (ECCMID)

Broadening Vaccine Serotype Coverage Against Emerging Antibiotic Resistance

Vienna, Austria / April 10-13, 2010

Vienna - The burden of pneumococcal diseases caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae is particularly high among young children and those aged over 65 years. In 2000, the 7-valent conjugate pneumococcal vaccine (PCV7) was approved for use in infants and the consequent reduction in pneumococcal disease was notable. There was also evidence that antibiotic resistance of this pathogen also decreased as the vaccine reduced the frequency of some of the most important drug-resistant serotypes. However, (...) Read more...

PRIORITY PRESS - 14th International Congress on Infectious Diseases (ICID)

Prevention of Meningococcal Disease

Miami, Florida / March 9-12, 2010

Miami - Invasive meningococcal disease, although rare in Canada at between 300 and 400 cases a year, causes enormous parental distress and is still associated with a high fatality rate. Almost all meningococcal disease is caused by the five serogroups A, B, C, W-135 and Y, but their distribution differs geographically and over time. It has been documented that conjugate meningococcal vaccines are immunologically more efficacious than their polysaccharide counterparts. As discussed by (...) Read more...

PRIORITY PRESS - EUROGIN 2010 9th International Multidisciplinary Congress

Vaccination Against HPV Reduces Burden of Disease in Its Earliest Manifestations

Monte Carlo, Monaco / February 17-20, 2010

Monte Carlo - Many theoretical arguments have been raised in support of vaccination against human papillomavirus (HPV). Now, for the first time, compelling evidence that vaccination does reduce the earliest manifestations of infection in the form of genital warts was reported here this week. End-of-study results continue to support the efficacy of the quadrivalent vaccine against high-grade cervical lesions in older women, which has important implications for the prevention of cervical (...) Read more...

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VACCINE

January-March 2010

Vaccination services for adolescents, adults vary considerably
Huot et al. Adult immunization services: Steps have to be done. Vaccine 2010;28(5):1177-80.
Current and future vaccination services for adolescents and adults vary considerably depending on the vaccine and the medical clinic involved, according to a survey of medical clinics around the Quebec City region.
Dr. Caroline Huot, Université Laval, Quebec City, and multicentre colleagues carried out a descriptive, cross-sectional study (...) Read more...

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VACCINE

November / December 2009

Significant decline in rotavirus activity following introduction of pentavalent vaccine
Centers for Disease Control. Reduction in rotavirus after vaccine introduction—United States, 2000-2009. MMWR Morb Mortal Weekly Rep 2009;58(41)1146-9.
Prior to the introduction of a vaccine in 2006, rotavirus (RV) caused an estimated 20 to 60 deaths, 55,000 to 70,000 hospitalizations and 205,000 to 272,000 emergency department visits in the US each year.
Sentinel laboratory surveillance carried out by (...) Read more...

PHYSICIANS PERSPECTIVE - Viewpoint based on the following article: Clin Infect Dis 2009;49(1):e1-10

Vaccines Against Invasive Meningococcal Disease: Weighing the Options

October 2009

INTRODUCTION
Neisseria meningitides (meningococcus) is the only bacterium that typically generates large epidemics of meningitis globally. Invasive meningococcal disease is endemic to Canada but the serogroups that cause it vary not only over time but also by geography, season and age. The proportion of disease attributable to different serogroups varies by province as well. The National Advisory Committee on Immunization (NACI) has been recommending the use of the meningococcal C conjugate (...) Read more...

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VACCINE

September/October 2009

Protecting Canadian adults from vaccine-preventable diseases: NACI recommendations
Parkins et al. Routine immunization of adults in Canada: Review of the epidemiology of vaccine-preventable diseases and current recommendations for primary prevention. Can J Infect Dis Med Microbiol 2009;20(3):e81-e90.
Morbidity and mortality from vaccine-preventable diseases now occur disproportionately in adults and every effort must be made to protect adults against diseases from which an estimated 30,000 (...) Read more...

PRIORITY PRESS - 49th Interscience Conference on Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy (ICAAC)

Addressing Emerging Pneumococcal Serotypes with a 13-Valent Vaccine

San Francisco, California / September 12-15, 2009

San Francisco - The reduction in morbidity and mortality associated with the 7-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV7) is expected to be extended substantially with the advent of a new conjugate vaccine that targets six additional pneumococcal serotypes. By some estimates, the 13-valent PCV (PCV13) will reduce invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) incidence by an additional 50%. The introduction of the PCV13 is one of several steps being taken to reduce IPD where it persists. Among other (...) Read more...

PRIORITY PRESS - 5th International Conference on Vaccines for Enteric Diseases

Global Health Implications of the Rotavirus Vaccine

Málaga, Spain / September 9-11, 2009

Málaga - Two rotavirus (RV) vaccines are currently available worldwide. In clinical trials using European, North American and South American populations, both have demonstrated 90% to 100% efficacy in preventing severe RV gastroenteritis and 74% to 85% efficacy in preventing RV infection of any severity. Clinical trial data have shown both vaccines to have acceptable safety profiles, with no increased risk of intussusception. However, continuous monitoring of vaccine impact and safety is (...) Read more...

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VACCINE

July/August 2009

Vaccination against high-risk HPV types to reduce lesions and cervical cancer
Moore et al. Prevalence and type distribution of human papillomavirus in 5,000 British Columbia women—implications for vaccination. Cancer Causes Control 2009 May 29.
A n estimate of the prevalence of human papillomavirus (HPV) in women participating in routine cytology screening in British Columbia indicates that vaccination against high-risk oncogenic HPV types would prevent the development of at least one-third (...) Read more...

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VACCINE

May/June 2009

Avian flu vaccine shown to be safe, immunogenic in phase II study
Wu et al. Immunogenicity, safety, and cross-reactivity of an inactivated, adjuvanted, prototype pandemic influenza (H5N1) vaccine: a phase II, double-blind, randomized trial. Clin Infect Dis 2009;48(8):1087-95.
An inactivated, aluminum adjuvanted, whole-virion H5N1 (avian flu) vaccine has been shown to be safe and highly immunogenic in a phase II, double-blind trial. The vaccine also elicited significant cross-reactivity (...) Read more...

PRIORITY PRESS - 27th Annual Meeting of the European Society for Pediatric Infectious Diseases

Extended Duration of Protection Against Rotavirus Gastroenteritis and Varicella

Brussels, Belgium / June 9-13, 2009

Brussels - Vaccines for the prevention of rotavirus gastroenteritis have been available for use in children in Canada since 2006. Since showing safety, immunogenicity and efficacy in clinical trials, their ability to provide early or long-term protection has not been demonstrated. New data were presented here during the scientific sessions on an oral pentavalent human-bovine reassortant vaccine expressing human G1, G2, G3, G4 and P1A[8] antigens. When administered as three separate doses, (...) Read more...

PRIORITY PRESS - 11th Conference of the International Society of Travel Medicine

Shielding International Travellers from the Resurgence of Neurologic Infections

Budapest, Hungary / May 24-28, 2009

Budapest - The World Tourist Organization reports that despite the global economic crisis, international travel continues to increase, especially to the Middle East, (+11.3%) Southeast Asia (+4%) and Africa (+4.6%). Moreover, the trend is toward adventure, wildlife and occult tourism that may demand expeditions to remote regions which expose travellers to severe health hazards, including neurologic viral infections. Physicians should therefore be prepared to advise or treat patients for (...) Read more...

PRIORITY PRESS - 25th International Papillomavirus Conference

The Promise of the Human Papillomavirus Vaccine

Malmö, Sweden / May 8-14, 2009

Malmö - Evidence presented here during the scientific sessions indicates that within a year of introducing the quadrivalent human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine, the incidence of HPV 6- and 11-related disease in Australia decreased dramatically, especially among young females to whom the vaccine was made freely available. Vaccine recipients similarly had fewer colposcopy referrals and cervical excision procedures in both of the pivotal trials evaluating the two vaccines, a reflection of (...) Read more...

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VACCINE

March/April 2009

Rotavirus gastroenteritis places a heavy burden on European hospitals
Forster et al. Hospital-based surveillance to estimate the burden of rotavirus gastroenteritis among European children younger than 5 years of age. Pediatrics 2009;123(3):e393-e400.
R otavirus (RV) gastroenteritis places high demands on European healthcare systems, accounting for a substantial proportion of hospitalizations and emergency department (ED) visits due to community-acquired acute gastroenteritis in children (...) Read more...